2026-10-10T14:40:44Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33718795 2026-09-14T05:38:02Z category_173 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Table 1_When suppressor effects may reflect multicollinearity artifacts: a cautionary tale from multiple object tracking and clay pigeon shooting performance.docx Kai Jin (232801) Pingze Gao (24868159) Shuo Han (360375) Xupeng Zhang (1493305) Applied Psychology clay pigeon shooting multicollinearity multiple object tracking predictive validity statistical artifact Suppressor effect variance inflation factor Objective<p>To evaluate whether multiple object tracking (MOT) predicts clay pigeon shooting performance, and to illustrate how multicollinearity between demographic covariates can mimic suppressor effects.</p>Methods<p>Twenty shooters completed a MOT task (2–6 targets). Zero-order and partial correlations, hierarchical regression, LOOCV, VIF diagnostics, and power analysis were computed. Two specifications were compared: Specification A (age + training years, multicollinear) and Specification B (age only, VIF < 2.5).</p>Results<p>Age and training years were near-perfectly correlated (r = 0.928). Under Specification A r=0.928;VIF=11.7, MOT-5 and MOT-6 appeared as nominally significant partial correlates (r_partial ≈ 0.49, p < 0.03, uncorrected), a classical suppression pattern. Under Specification B, these effects attenuated to non-significance (p > 0.13). The training coefficient reversed sign (B = −2.12 despite r = +0.65), consistent with multicollinearity distortion. Power analysis indicated N ≈ 68 would be required to detect the residual effect (f² = 0.15), though this estimate is illustrative given the small sample. AUC=0.660f2=0.12.</p>Conclusion<p>The apparent suppressor effect is consistent with multicollinearity between age and training years rather than genuine prediction, though the small sample (N = 20) precludes definitive conclusions. Routine VIF, bootstrap stability checks, and power analysis are recommended to avoid artifacts in small-sample sports cognition research.</p> 2026-09-14T05:38:02Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1908043.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_When_suppressor_effects_may_reflect_multicollinearity_artifacts_a_cautionary_tale_from_multiple_object_tracking_and_clay_pigeon_shooting_performance_docx/33718795 CC BY 4.0