2026-10-11T12:36:43Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33717844 2026-09-14T04:31:42Z category_345 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 2_Nationwide epinephrine auto-injector dispensing in Greece: a drug-utilization study providing insights into anaphylaxis epidemiology and emergency-treatment preparedness.docx George N. Konstantinou (24424220) Allergy Adrenaline auto-injector anaphylaxis drug utilization epidemiology epinephrine auto-injector medication access preparedness Background<p>Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction requiring prompt recognition and treatment, yet diagnosis-linked national surveillance is unavailable in many countries. Epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) dispensing cannot identify confirmed events or individual patients, but it is an epidemiologically relevant medication-use endpoint because EAIs are supplied to people with prior anaphylaxis or a clinically judged risk of future anaphylaxis.</p>Objective<p>To quantify nationwide EAI dispensing in Greece as a drug-utilization and emergency-treatment-preparedness benchmark and, secondarily, derive scenario-based incidence-compatible and prevalence-equivalent indicators relevant to the epidemiology of anaphylaxis.</p>Methods<p>This nationwide retrospective drug-utilization study analyzed aggregated net Anapen® DUO pack counts from reimbursed and non-reimbursed retail and hospital pharmacy channels during March 2015-March 2017, when it was the only EAI marketed nationally. Directly observed pack flow was primary, utilization by EAI strength was analyzed at the population level using age-equivalent denominators, expiry timing was examined conditionally, and scenario outputs were deterministic sensitivity analyses.</p>Results<p>During 25 months, 33,986 twin-packs were recorded (153.2 packs per 100,000 person-years). The final 12-month rate was 154.0 per 100,000 population. Using age-equivalent population denominators, 150-microgram dispensing intensity was 5.8-fold higher than 300-microgram intensity. Reference scenarios yielded an incidence-compatible anaphylaxis indicator of 47.7–125.3 episodes per 100,000 person-years and prevalence-equivalent active EAI coverage of 51.7–133.0 persons per 100,000. Deliberately broader assumption ranges widened these to 17.0–229.8 and 19.7–177.3, respectively.</p>Conclusion<p>Nationwide EAI dispensing provides the first all-age benchmark of access to community emergency epinephrine in Greece. By combining observed pack flow with transparent scenario-based analyses, this study introduces a reproducible approach for gaining insights into anaphylaxis epidemiology and emergency-treatment preparedness from national dispensing data, particularly where comprehensive registries are unavailable.</p> 2026-09-14T04:31:42Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/falgy.2026.1906574.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_2_Nationwide_epinephrine_auto-injector_dispensing_in_Greece_a_drug-utilization_study_providing_insights_into_anaphylaxis_epidemiology_and_emergency-treatment_preparedness_docx/33717844 CC BY 4.0