2026-10-14T16:54:20Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33717757 2026-09-14T04:30:06Z category_343 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Data Sheet 1_Training the proprioceptive and propulsive function of the foot for improved technique and enhanced performance of the golf swing: a pilot study.docx Angelo Belotti (14939532) Niccolò Bisazza (24867658) Andrea Calcari (24867661) Paolo Perrone (24867664) Roberto Panichi (483286) Andrea Biscarini (18802405) Sports Medicine ball speed club speed golf ground reaction proprioception swing Background<p>The proprioceptive and propulsive functions of the feet—despite their essential role in stability, movement initiation, and efficient bottom-up energy transfer along the kinetic chain—are largely overlooked in conventional golf physical and technical training. To address this gap, we developed a novel approach to golf athletic training and swing technique that embeds foot mechanics as a fundamental driver of performance enhancement.</p>Methods<p>Twenty-five experienced golf players completed three separate swing sessions: the first before a specific foot-proprioceptive intervention (time t₀), the second immediately after the intervention (time t₁), and the third three minutes after the end of the second session (time t₂). In the second and third sessions, participants were instructed to modify their swing technique by integrating the sequence of foot actions practiced during the proprioceptive intervention. Club and ball kinematics and vertical ground-reaction force (vGR) under each foot were recorded and compared across sessions.</p>Results<p>Lead-foot peak vGR increased from t₀ to t₁ but did not increase further from t₁ to t₂. Club speed increased from t₀ to t₁ and continued to rise, albeit to a lesser extent, from t₁ to t₂. Ball speed did not change significantly from t₀ to t₁ but increased from t₁ to t₂. The observed changes following the foot-focused intervention and the corresponding modifications to the swing technique suggested a progressive propagation, with practice, from the feet to the club and, ultimately, to the ball.</p>Conclusion<p>These acute findings suggest that the proposed exercises may facilitate a progressive refinement of swing technique through greater integration of foot function, consistent with the observed improvements in swing-performance variables.</p> 2026-09-14T04:30:06Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fspor.2026.1888684.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Training_the_proprioceptive_and_propulsive_function_of_the_foot_for_improved_technique_and_enhanced_performance_of_the_golf_swing_a_pilot_study_docx/33717757 CC BY 4.0