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oai:figshare.com:article/33717523 2026-09-14T04:25:39Z category_1506 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Supplementary file 1_Statistical and machine learning analysis of fiscal and monetary policy determinants of human development in high-HDI countries.docx Andre Amaral (5495498) Taysir E. Dyhoum (24112704) Mnerh Alqahtani (24867505) Amirah S. Alharthi (24867508) Hassan M. Aljohani (11747450) Globalisation and Culture human development index (HDI) macroeconomic determinants fiscal policy monetary policy machine learning statistical analysis sustainable development Introduction<p>Understanding how fiscal and monetary policies influence human development remains a fundamental challenge in economics and public policy. This study investigates the relationships between fiscal, monetary, and socioeconomic indicators and the Human Development Index (HDI) using cross-sectional data from 49 high-HDI countries. By integrating interpretable statistical methods with machine learning techniques, the study aims to identify the key determinants of human development and provide evidence to support effective policy- making.</p>Methods<p>A comprehensive analytical framework was developed using correlation analy- sis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, suppression effect analysis, and machine learning (ML) techniques. The analysis examined the relationships between HDI and a range of macroeconomic and socioeconomic variables, including gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, inflation, debt-to-GDP ratio, interest rates, unemployment, average income tax rates, life expectancy, and years of education.</p>Results<p>The results demonstrate that GDP per capita, life expectancy, and educational attainment are the strongest predictors of HDI among high-HDI countries. In contrast, interest rates and the debt-to-GDP ratio exhibit indirect (suppressive) effects that become apparent only after accounting for interactions among explanatory variables. The combined statistical and machine learning analyses provide complementary insights into the relative importance of these determinants.</p>Discussion<p>The findings highlight the importance of considering both direct and indirect relationships when evaluating the impact of macroeconomic policies on human development. By combining interpretable statistical approaches with machine learning techniques, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the determinants of human development in high-HDI countries. The results provide practical evidence to support the design of balanced fiscal and monetary policies that promote sustainable economic development and improve human well- being, and they establish a foundation for future comparative studies across countries with varying levels of human development.</p> 2026-09-14T04:25:39Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fhumd.2026.1874322.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_file_1_Statistical_and_machine_learning_analysis_of_fiscal_and_monetary_policy_determinants_of_human_development_in_high-HDI_countries_docx/33717523 CC BY 4.0