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oai:figshare.com:article/33716581 2026-09-13T22:02:24Z category_13 portal_316 item_type_3 month_year_09_2026

Table 1_Tumor-immune microenvironment and nutritional status biomarkers predict recurrence after total colectomy for locally advanced colon cancer: development and internal validation of a nomogram.docx Yanhui Yang (212906) Meng Gao (399324) Songchun Liu (22580334) Qiong Yang (28822) Genetics albumin biomarker colon cancer disease-free survival immune checkpoint inhibitor mismatch repair NLR nomogram Background<p>Post-colectomy recurrence affects 25%–45% of patients with locally advanced colon cancer despite adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)—encompassing mismatch repair (MMR) status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, PD-L1 expression, and systemic indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)—critically determines recurrence risk and immunotherapy response. Perioperative nutritional status (preoperative albumin; NRS 2002) further modulates immune competence. No validated clinical tool has integrated these multi-dimensional biomarkers for post-colectomy risk stratification.</p>Methods<p>This retrospective dual-centre cohort enrolled 341 patients (stage II–III colon cancer; total colectomy, 2020–2024). Tumour-immune biomarkers (MMR/MSI status, PD-L1 CPS, TIL density, NLR, PLR) and nutritional indicators (albumin, NRS 2002) were assessed preoperatively. Primary endpoint: 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). A nomogram was constructed from multivariable Cox regression and internally validated by 1,000-resample bootstrapping; performance was assessed by AUC, calibration, and decision curve analysis.</p>Results<p>Among 341 patients (median follow-up 36.0 months), 94 (27.6%) recurred; 3-year DFS was 72.4%. Independent predictors of inferior DFS: pMMR/MSS status (aHR = 2.84), advanced stage (aHR = 2.52), high lymph node ratio (aHR = 2.13), low TIL density (aHR = 2.21), elevated CEA (aHR = 1.88), and high NLR (aHR = 1.78; all p ≤ 0.008). Preoperative albumin (aHR = 0.94 per 1 g/L increase, p = 0.003) and NRS 2002 >=4 (aHR = 1.58, p = 0.035) also remained independently associated with DFS. Adjuvant ICI use was associated with improved DFS (aHR = 0.48, p = 0.005). The nomogram achieved AUC = 0.841 (optimism-corrected: 0.824), good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow p = 0.557), and net clinical benefit across threshold probabilities 0.10–0.80.</p>Conclusion<p>A nomogram integrating MMR status, TIL density, PD-L1 CPS, NLR, CEA, tumour stage, lymph node ratio, and perioperative nutritional indicators robustly predicts 3-year recurrence after total colectomy for locally advanced colon cancer (AUC = 0.841), substantially outperforming clinical-only models. These hypothesis-generating findings require prospective randomised validation before clinical implementation.</p> 2026-09-13T22:02:24Z Dataset Dataset 10.3389/fgene.2026.1916575.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Tumor-immune_microenvironment_and_nutritional_status_biomarkers_predict_recurrence_after_total_colectomy_for_locally_advanced_colon_cancer_development_and_internal_validation_of_a_nomogram_docx/33716581 CC BY 4.0