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        <identifier>oai:figshare.com:article/33367213</identifier>
        <datestamp>2026-09-30T12:11:31Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Refugee repatriation, return, and refoulement during conflict</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Forced Migration Online (24276783)</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Migration, asylum and refugee law</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>REFUGEES</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>RETURN</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>INVOLUNTARY REPATRIATION</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>REINTEGRATION</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>REFOULEMENT</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>ASYLUM</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>This paper discusses the challenge of contemporary repatriation, which has been transformed from relatively small voluntary repatriations that are safe and follow fundamental changes to large returns to troubled countries where repatriation is often violent, compelled, and premature. Because the nature of return has a direct effect on the nature of the reintegration program, the paper discuss issues such as protracted complex emergencies; reintegration of returnees and restoration of civil society; coordination and closure of assistance; and rehabilitation, development, and funding shortfalls.</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2026-09-30T12:11:31Z</dc:date>
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          <dc:identifier>10.25446/oxford.33367213.v1</dc:identifier>
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