2026-10-13T18:51:54Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33358194 2026-09-30T11:52:41Z category_29725 portal_921 item_type_11 month_year_09_2026

Relief and protection: the role of non-state actors [draft] Forced Migration Online (24276783) Migration, asylum and refugee law FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE UN NGOS ARMED CONFLICT COMPLEX EMERGENCIES NON-STATE AGENTS OF PERSECUTION MILITIAS PROTECTION This paper provides a point of departure for discussion of the non-state actors which populate the political landscape of humanitarian crises and complex emergencies, and which play an increasingly important role in shaping the operating environment of UN emergency response efforts. It is broken down into four sections: a scenario typology of the most common sources of humanitarian emergencies the UN has faced and will likely face in coming years, and a matrix of operating environments these emergencies can present; a review of the current state of knowledge about the internal dynamics of collapsed states and warlordism, the most frequent and problematic operating environment for humanitarian response; an inventory of the most significant non-state actors emerging in these complex emergencies, and an assessment of their interests and the obstacles they can pose for humanitarian response; and, a review of strategies for co-existing with, circumventing, co-opting, or confronting those non-state actors. 2026-09-30T11:52:41Z Text Online resource 10.25446/oxford.33358194.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Relief_and_protection_the_role_of_non-state_actors_draft_/33358194 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0