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oai:figshare.com:article/33357006 2026-09-30T11:50:51Z category_29725 portal_921 item_type_11 month_year_09_2026

Migration from and to Ghana: A Background Paper Forced Migration Online (24276783) Migration, asylum and refugee law FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE LIVELIHOODS RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION URBAN REFUGEES RURAL COMMUNITIES WOMEN URBAN COMMUNITIES SETTLEMENTS ETHNIC AND NATIONAL GROUPS This paper highlights that migration movements 'have been a feature of Africa in the past and are one of its most important demographical features at the present day' (Anarfi 1982). International migration within West Africa, and between the region and the rest of the continent, dates back to time immemorial (Arhin 1978). The trans-Saharan caravan routes are among the earliest evidence of major interaction between West and North Africa for trading and exchange of scholars (Boahen 1966). Ibn Batuta, writing in the fifteenth century, and Leo Africanus, writing later in the sixteenth century, both made mention of the peaceful movement of people across ethnic boundaries (Batuta 1929; Africanus 1896). 2026-09-30T11:50:51Z Text Online resource 10.25446/oxford.33357006.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Migration_from_and_to_Ghana_A_Background_Paper/33357006 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0