2026-10-12T05:28:13Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33353502 2026-09-30T11:45:12Z category_29725 portal_921 item_type_11 month_year_09_2026

Protection against torture in western security frameworks: the erosion of non-refoulement in the UK-Libya MOU Forced Migration Online (24276783) Migration, asylum and refugee law FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE TREATIES INTERNATIONAL LAW HUMAN RIGHTS GOVERNMENT NON-REFOULEMENT PRINCIPLE NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY TORTURE PROTECTION This RSC working paper examines the Memoranda of Understanding the United Kingdom signed with Libya, Jordan and Lebanon, which allows the signatory nations to return individuals who are considered threats to the public safety of the host country, back to the country of origin. This paper attempts to show that the memoranda are both an extension of the UK's security-focused migration policies and in conflict with the UK's human rights obligations; whereby it is argued that the memoranda represent an effort by the UK, pre-dating and accelerated by the September 11th attacks, to frame migration policy control as a national security goal. Furthermore, it is argued that the non-binding nature of the memoranda and lack of mechanisms for implementation and legal redress could negatively impact the principle of non-refoulement to torture. This document is organized under the following main headings after the introduction: 'Memoranda of understanding in a security framework', 'Memoranda of understanding in an international legal framework', 'Implementation implications of the UK-Libya MOU', and conclusion. The document also includes an appendix: 'UK-Libya MOU'. 2026-09-30T11:45:12Z Text Online resource 10.25446/oxford.33353502.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Protection_against_torture_in_western_security_frameworks_the_erosion_of_non-refoulement_in_the_UK-Libya_MOU/33353502 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0