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        <datestamp>2026-09-30T11:44:34Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Repatriation and reconciliation in divided societies: the case of Rwanda's 'Ingando'</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Forced Migration Online (24276783)</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Migration, asylum and refugee law</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>RETURN MIGRATION</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>RETURNEES</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>CONFLICT</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>HISTORY</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>NATIONALISM</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>This RSC working paper investigates de-ethnicization in post-genocide Rwanda - the way in which it manifests itself through ingando (camps set up for political education of various groups), and finally, the way in which we should think about its effectiveness as a reconciliatory tool within the broader framework of transitional justice. The paper is divided into the following sections: '1. Tracing transition: post-genocide returns and a complex social landscape'; '2. Conceptual framework'; '3. De-ethnicization: the discursive edifice and its fault-lines'; '4. Ingando: 'Transition camps' as spaces of discourse dissemination'; '5. Scripts' frontier: 'convergent society' and unity as a 'minority' exercise; and conclusion. Also included is an appendix: 'Historical timeline: key dates and events'.</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2026-09-30T11:44:34Z</dc:date>
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          <dc:identifier>10.25446/oxford.33352905.v1</dc:identifier>
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