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oai:figshare.com:article/33351627 2026-09-30T11:42:47Z category_29725 portal_921 item_type_11 month_year_09_2026

Brazil and the spirit of Cartagena Forced Migration Online (24276783) Migration, asylum and refugee law FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE HUMAN RIGHTS REFUGEES RESETTLEMENT REFUGEE LAW The Cartagena Declaration on Refugees (1984) was the outcome of meetings between government representatives and specialists from ten Latin American countries who met in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, to consider the situation of refugees in Central America. It established the basic concepts of the issue in the human rights field and launched the term 'massive violation of human rights' as an element in the broader definition of refugees. This article argues that the Declaration of Cartagena is important as it includes elements that link the three threads of international protection – humanitarian law, human rights and the rights of refugees – in legislation, interpretation and operation. 2026-09-30T11:42:47Z Text Online resource 10.25446/oxford.33351627.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Brazil_and_the_spirit_of_Cartagena/33351627 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0