2026-10-11T13:40:09Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/33351384 2026-09-30T11:42:25Z category_29725 portal_921 item_type_11 month_year_09_2026

Rwanda's Ingando camps Forced Migration Online (24276783) Migration, asylum and refugee law FORCED MIGRATION ONLINE GENOCIDE RECONCILIATION NATIONALITY CULTURAL IDENTITY ETHNIC IDENTITY In the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, reconciliation and the building of a unified nation have become key challenges for the new Rwandan political elite. To this end, over almost two decades, the government has introduced a variety of supposedly 'traditional,' 'local' and 'participatory' activities. This paper focusses on 'ingando' camps. Just as with the other activities, ingando offers insights into the performative aspect of nation-building. But unlike other activities, the camps provide a unique insight into the way in which spatial and symbolic aspects, especially 'liminality' (a camp as a transient and transitional space), are being used to reproduce power (a structural set of relations). This paper attempts to understand both the 'what' of ingando (What is it all about?) and the effects that the camps have — both the claimed effects (ie. the 'expected' outcomes such as 'reconciliation', 'unity,''nation-building') and the actual effects, whatever these might be. 2026-09-30T11:42:25Z Text Online resource 10.25446/oxford.33351384.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Rwanda_s_Ingando_camps/33351384 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0