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        <datestamp>2026-09-15T23:35:55Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>cafo-iowa: Satellite-Based Iowa CAFO Facility Dataset</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Evan Cook (24294647)</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Environmental studies in animal production</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Environmental assessment and monitoring</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>cafo</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>iowa</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>satellite imagery</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>clean water act</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>animal feeding operations</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>swine</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>environmental regulation</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>manual annotation</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>DATASET REVISION IN PROGRESS: We are currently revising portions of this dataset. Researchers interested in using this data are encouraged to contact the authors.

cafo-iowa contains 6,525 Iowa wean-to-finish and grow-to-finish swine facilities with satellite-detected barns, matched to Iowa DNR permit records. Each facility includes both reported animal unit counts (from state permits) and estimated animal unit counts derived from manually annotated barn footprint area, enabling analysis of underreporting under Clean Water Act permitting rules. Compiled using NAIP 2021 aerial imagery, Iowa DNR Master Matrix permit data, and ReGrid parcel data. Permit addresses and parcel owner information are redacted; we will share unredacted versions of this data for research purposes upon request. Accompanies: Lyng-Olsen, Frey, Cook, Hollingshead, Eneva, and Ho. "Hidden Herds: Satellite Evidence of Threshold Gaming Under the Clean Water Act." Submitted for review, 2026.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2026-09-15T23:35:55Z</dc:date>
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