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oai:figshare.com:article/32640507 2026-10-01T16:30:36Z portal_1172 item_type_8 month_year_10_2026

Becoming visible: developing and testing an educational cultural measurement tool Niall Johnston (24169308) PUREID: 618249443 cultural awareness international students pedagogy cultural measurement culture-clash Education Today, universities are increasingly prioritising international students as a way to make up for income that was previously subsidised by the government. While international students have always been an important part of university life and research shows that a diverse student body brings many advantages, the current financial necessity to recruit international students is unprecedented. One major challenge this has created, for students and lecturers alike, is increased culture clash in the classroom. It has well been documented that culture clash, (when cultural differences create difficulties such as communication breakdown, divergent expectations or insensitive interactions), has a profoundly negative impact on student performance and is a source of great frustration for lecturers. This study looked at the cultural measurement tools developed in the world of business and management and used them as a template to develop an educationally relevant cultural measurement tool: The Cultural Survey of Educational Behaviours (CSEB). The CSEB was found to be a valid and reliable measure of culture when compared to the CVSCALE, another valid and reliable measure of culture at an individual level. Five lecturers at Queen’s University Belfast tested the tool and the response was very positive overall. It is clear from this study that the CSEB is something that has been requested repeatedly in the literature and that lecturers would be eager to engage with. This research then makes recommendations on how to improve the tool and ultimately carry out large scale studies so the CSEB can be brought to 3rd level classrooms and make a positive impact in universities across the world. 2026-10-01T16:30:36Z Text Thesis 10.17034/32640507.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Becoming_visible_developing_and_testing_an_educational_cultural_measurement_tool/32640507 All Rights Reserved