2026-10-08T09:21:32Z https://api.figshare.com/v2/oai

oai:figshare.com:article/32640408 2026-10-01T16:31:28Z portal_1172 item_type_8 month_year_10_2026

Augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence to enhance programming comprehension Omer Emin Cinar (24169242) PUREID: 617265969 Artificial intelligence augmented reality electroencephalography programming virtual reality Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have become transformative tools in education, offering innovative ways to teach complex concepts. Despite their growing use, there remains a gap in applying these technologies to help students, particularly in engineering, understand abstract programming concepts. This thesis addresses this gap by exploring how AR, VR, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Electroencephalography (EEG) data can enhance the learning of Python collection data types—a challenging yet fundamental topic for electrical and electronic engineering students. The research questions focus on how AR, VR, and AI can improve comprehension of Python collection data types and whether EEG data can reveal a relationship between attention and engagement levels and learning outcomes. To investigate these questions, three user studies were conducted with 20, 39, and 48 participants, respectively. The structured methodology included developing a paper-based booklet, an AR application, and two versions of a VR application with added interactivity and AI features, such as a virtual assistant. Learning outcomes were assessed through t-tests, and EEG data was used to monitor real-time attention and engagement. Results showed significant improvements in learning outcomes, with the final AI-enhanced VR application yielding the most substantial gains, supported by t-test analysis (p < 0.05). The AI-enhanced VR application proved more effective than earlier VR and AR versions, as well as the paper-based booklet, establishing a clear hierarchy in their educational impact. Moreover, EEG data revealed a correlation between higher engagement and improved learning outcomes. This research contributes to educational technology by demonstrating how AR, VR, AI, and EEG can be integrated to improve the teaching of abstract programming concepts. The findings highlight the potential for AR and VR to revolutionise programming education, offering immersive and personalised learning experiences that significantly enhance student comprehension. 2026-10-01T16:31:28Z Text Thesis 10.17034/32640408.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Augmented_reality_virtual_reality_and_artificial_intelligence_to_enhance_programming_comprehension/32640408 All Rights Reserved