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The Transient Chiral Phase of 1,1′-Binaphthyl
Sanjay John (22561461)
Nina Strasser (5876186)
Johanna Lang (17119114)
Anmol Andotra (23448921)
Ann Maria James (12043322)
Florian P. Lindner (20617724)
Christian Slugovc (1478179)
Corrado Cuocci (2529946)
Rosanna Rizzi (2980263)
Ivo B. Rietveld (1574068)
Yves Geerts (2179024)
Roland Resel (1275975)
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Evolutionary Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Immunology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
two stable atropisomers
thin films prepared
thin film deposition
reduced induction time
potential energy barrier
low cooling rates
kinetic effects due
differential scanning calorimetry
different molecular conformation
biaryl axis across
axially chiral molecule
1 ′- binaphthyl
stable chiral phase
transient polymorphic state
crystallization kinetics influence
transient chiral phase
1 </ sub
p </
n </
molten state
phase transition
new phase
work demonstrates
spontaneous transition
space group
solution via
solution processing
solid surface
situ x
racemic melt
naphthyl units
infrared thermography
detailed studies
continuous nucleation
avrami exponent
also formed
1,1′-Binaphthyl is an axially chiral molecule that exists
as two stable atropisomers (R and S), which can interconvert through
rotation of the naphthyl units about the biaryl axis across a potential
energy barrier. Different crystal structures form upon cooling from
the molten state on a solid surface. At low cooling rates (2 °C
min<sup>–1</sup>), the well-known racemic phase forms, whereas
at high cooling rates greater than 10 °C min<sup>–1</sup>, an unknown chiral phase appears. This new phase is also formed
in thin films prepared by solution processing. Infrared thermography
during melt crystallization, combined with the appearance of this
new phase through thin film deposition, highlights the importance
of kinetic effects due to reduced induction time for crystallization.
Detailed studies by differential scanning calorimetry and temperature-dependent
in situ X-ray powder diffraction reveal that the new phase is transient
at room temperature, since a spontaneous transition to the other well-known
stable chiral phase occurs. The new chiral phase crystallizes in the
same space group <i>P</i>4<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2 as
the stable chiral phase, with slightly enlarged unit cell volume but
with a different molecular conformation. The phase transition is based
on continuous nucleation and an Avrami exponent of <i>n</i> = 2, indicating a one-dimensional crystal growth mechanism. This
work demonstrates how crystallization kinetics influence the crystallization
of conglomerates from a racemic melt or solution via a transient polymorphic
state.
2026-03-26T00:00:00Z
Dataset
Dataset
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c08431.s002
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/The_Transient_Chiral_Phase_of_1_1_-Binaphthyl/31643754
CC BY-NC 4.0